Learn German A1 Personal Pronouns & Regular Verbs Lesson 4. You would get basics of Personal pronouns and conjugation of regular verbs in this lesson. How to write basic sentence structure in German is also mentioned. While, there is an exercise to practice numbers at the end of this lesson.
German vs English: Differences & Similarities
Los geht’s! (Let’s go!)
Table of Contents
Personal Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that can replace a noun in a sentence. We’ll learn personal pronouns; words like I, you, he, she, etc. You’ll use these words on a daily basis when you speak German! Mastering them will give you countless possibilities in a conversation.
| German (singular) | English | German (plural) | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ich | I | wir | We |
| du | You (personal) | ihr | You |
| Sie | You (formal) | Sie | You (formal) |
| er | He | sie | They |
| sie | She | sie | They |
| es | It | sie | They |
Words like “ich” (I) and “du” (you) are called personal pronouns. We use them to indicate the person we are talking about – either ourselves or someone else. While, Ich” refers to ourselves and “du” refers to the person we are talking to.
Ich heiße Ali. Wie heißt du? (My name is Ali. What’s your name?)
Du, Ihr
You only say du when talking to one person. When talking to multiple people, use ihr!
Max, kommst du zur Party? (Max, are you coming to the party?)
Peter und Lisa, kommt ihr zur Party? (Peter and Lisa, are you coming to the party?)
Before you move to other part of article, it is important to know that in German there is more than one way of saying ”you”. While, Sie ( the formal, polite you), du (the familiar, informal form) and ihr (the familiar form for more than one person)!
er, sie, es
We use “er” to refer to a masculine noun. It could be a person like “Mann” (man), or also an object like “Bus” (bus).
Er heißt Farrukh. (His name is Farrukh.)
While, We use “sie” to refer to a feminine noun, like “Frau” (woman) or “U-bahn” (metro).
sie heißt Anja. (Her name is Anja.)
Meanwhile, We use “es” to refer to a neuter noun, like “Baby” (baby) or “Taxi” (taxi).
Wie heißt es? What’s their name? (referring to the baby)
Sie (you), sie(she), sie (they):
You might think it is a little bit confusing that the word ”sie” has so many different meanings. In practice there are several ways of distinguishing between them. Firstly, Sie (you), secondly the ending of the verb for sie (she) is -t as opposed to -en for sie (they). Thirdly, and probably most importantly, the context nearly always makes the meaning clear.
Basic Sentence Structure
Verbs in a statement stay in second position. But words about when something happens can go at the beginning, the end, or right after the verb!
Heute ist es warm. (It is warm today.)
Es ist heute kalt. (It is cold today.)
Es ist sonnig heute. (It is sunny today.)
Regular Verbs
Verbs are words that describe actions or states, e.g.
“kommen” (to come),
“sprechen” (to speak),
“lernen” (to learn),
While In German verb is always in small letter!
In German Language, verbs come with different endings such as in:
“Ich komme aus…“, “Woher kommst du?“.
We’re going to start learning which endings to use and when, so you don’t have to memorise whole phrases anymore – you can begin to form them yourself!
Conjugation of Regular Verbs:
Almost 97% verbs in German language are regular verbs. While regular verbs follow a rule for conjugation. When we use a verb, we need to add the right ending to it. Which ending we need depends on the person doing the action. In German we only have four different verb endings: -e, -st, -t and -en. While, Verbs have different endings depending on the subject of the sentence. Lucky for you, er and sie use the same ending!
Conjugation of Regular verb ” studieren ”:
| Pronoun | studieren (to study) |
| ich | studiere |
| du | studierst |
| er/sie/es | studiert |
| wir | studieren |
| ihr | studiert |
| sie | studieren |
Conjugation of Regular verb ” schwimmen ”:
| Pronoun | (schwimmen) (to swim) |
| ich | schwimme |
| du | schwimmst |
| er / sie /es | schwimmt |
| wir | schwimmen |
| ihr | schwimmt |
| sie | schwimmen |
Conjugation of Regular verb ” kommen ” Here we need variants of kommen (to come):
| Pronoun | (kommen) (to come) |
| ich | komme |
| du | kommst |
| er / sie /es | kommt |
| wir | kommen |
| ihr | kommt |
| sie | kommen |
Numbers 101 and upwards
German A1 Lesson 3 has mentioned numbers till 100. Here we learn numbers from 101 and upwards.
101= einhunderteins; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + eins(one)
102= einhundertzwei; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + zwei(two)
103= einhundertdrei; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + drei(three)
110= einhundertzehn; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + zehn(ten)
111= einhundertelf; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + elf(eleven)
120= einhundertzwanzig; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + zwanzig(twenty)
130= einhundertdreißig; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + dreißig(thirty)
140= einhundertvierzig; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + vierzig(fourty)
150= einhundertfünfzig; Notice a Pattern: ein(one) + hundert(hundred) + fünfzig(fifty)
Note, how even long numbers are written as a one word in German!
So, here is an excersie. Write out in full the number of inhabitants for each city in table mentioned below:
| Köln: 966 000 : neunhundertsechsundsechzigtausend |
| Heidelberg: 147 000: |
| Dresden: 470 000: |
| Frankfurt: 650 000 |
| München: 1 236 000: |
| Hamburg: 1 708 000: |
| Berlin: 3 471 000: |
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